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We report on our recent progress in creating a new type of compact laser that uses thulium-based fiber CPA technology to emit a central wavelength of 2 μm. This laser can produce pulse energies of >100 μJ and an average power of >15 W. It is designed to be long-lasting and is built for industrial use, making it a great fit for integration into laser machines used for materials processing. These laser parameters are ideal for working with semiconductors like silicon, allowing for tasks such as micro-welding, cutting of filaments, dicing, bonding and more.
As part of the research project Trusted Blockchains for the Open, Smart Energy Grid of the Future (tbiEnergy), one of the objectives is to investigate how a holistic blockchain approach for the realization of a local energy market could be accomplished and how corresponding hardware security mechanisms can be integrated. This paper provides an overview of the implemented prototype and describes the system and its processes.
A Systematic Literature Review on Blockchain Oracles: State of Research, Challenges, and Trends
(2023)
To enable data exchange between the Blockchain protocol (on-chain) and the real world (off-chain), e.g., non-Blockchain-based applications and systems, a software called Oracle is used [3]. Blockchain oracle is an important component in the use of off-chain data for on-chain smart contracts. However, there is limited scientific literature available on this important blockchain topic. Therefore, in this paper, a novel systematic literature review based on intelligent methods, e.g., information linking, topic clustering and focus identification through frequency calculations, is proposed. Thus, the current state of scientific research interest, content and challenges, and future research directions for blockchain oracles are identified. This paper shows that there is little unbiased literature that does not call oracles a problem. From the results of this new literature review framework, relevant areas of data handling and verification with blockchain oracles are identified for future research.
Humans started using the principles of insurance thousands of years ago when they lived in tribes in smaller villages. If one of the tribe members were injured, the others would take care of him and his family. The basic principle of insurance is several people covering each other against a particular risk. Today, most people in regions like Europe have access to insurance, while many people worldwide still have no access at all. The cost and accessibility may be improved with a blockchain-based parametric approach. The insurance process in a parametric approach is exclusively based on data, and decisions are made objectively. Blockchain is a necessary and integral part of the approach to create transparency and connect the customer’s and investor’s risk capital. The paper offers an overview of the opportunities and challenges of blockchain-based parametric insurance, a catalog of criteria for such insurance, a description of all components and their interaction for implementation on Ethereum, and a reference implementation of a train delay insurance in Germany.
Der Einsatz von Automatisierungstechnik zur Produktion
von Einzelstücken ist in kleinen und mittleren Unternehmen derzeit häufig nicht wirtschaftlich. Gründe hierfür sind einerseits die hohen Investitionskosten und zusätzlich die notwendigen Umrüst- sowie Adaptionsvorgänge, welche in der Regel manuell vorgenommen werden müssen. Dagegen steht der aktuelle Fachkräftemangel, welcher eine effiziente Nutzung der vorhandenen Personalressourcen erforderlich macht. Durch einen Part-to-Tool-Ansatz wird im vorliegenden Beitrag ein Ansatz aufgezeigt, um die maschinelle Produktion von Einzelteilen für kleine Unternehmen im Holzbau praktikabel zu machen. Dabei wird ein 6-Achs-Knickarm-Roboter so ausgerüstet, dass dieser alle Produktionsschritte ausführen und gleichzeitig das Bauteilhandling zum Be- und Entladen übernehmen kann. Durch die Verbindung zu einer übergeordneten Steuerungsebene und der Anbindung an eine Mensch-Maschine-Schnittstelle können ungelernte Mitarbeiter Einzelteile konfigurieren und automatisiert fertigen lassen.
Die additive Verarbeitung der Titanlegierung Ti-6Al-4V mittels pulverbettbasiertem Laserstrahlschmelzen (LPBF) ist gut erprobt und in der Luftfahrt bereits im Serieneinsatz. Dabei gibt es erhebliche Einschränkungen hinsichtlich
Bauteilgestaltung und erzielbarer Maßhaltigkeit. Die Ursache dafür findet sich im thermischen Eigenspannungsprofil des Legierungssystems, was zu einem erheblichen Bauteilverzug infolge der additiven Fertigung führen kann. Daher müssen derartige Komponenten sehr steif ausgeführt werden oder es ist ein hoher Einsatz von zusätzlichem Stützmaterial erforderlich. Zur Lösung dieses Problems können metastabile Titanlegierungen, wie etwa Ti-5Al-5Mo-5V-3Cr, herangezogen werden. Der vorliegende Beitrag umfasst die LPBF-Verarbeitung der Legierung Ti-5553 mit robusten Prozesskenngrößen, resultierender Oberflächengüte sowie die Untersuchung geeigneter Wärmebehandlungen mit zugeordneten mechanischen Eigenschaften
This article aims to explain mathematically, why the so called double descent observed by Belkin et al., Reconciling modern machine-learning practice and the classical bias-variance trade-off, PNAS 116(32) (2019), p. 15849-15854, occurs on the way from the classical approximation regime of machine learning to the modern interpolation regime. We argue that this phenomenon may be explained by a decomposition of mean squared error plus complexity into bias, variance and an unavoidable irreducible error inherent to the problem. Further, in case of normally distributed output errors, we apply this decomposition to explain, why LASSO provides reliable predictors avoiding overfitting.
In the field of Blockchain Technology applications and research, non-fungible tokens (NFTs) have gained significant attention in recent years. Whilst current research is focused on NFT use cases or the purchase of NFTs from an investor’s perspective, the NFT launch (i.e. primary market) from a creator’s perspective remains uncovered. However, the launch strategy is considered to be an important factor for the success of a product. Therefore, our research paper aims to explore launch strategies of NFTs. Thereby, we discuss the marketing mix instruments price (i.e. pricing strategy), place (i.e. mint mechanism), and promotion. Through an empirical approach of conducting eight expert interviews, we examine parameters that are used to define an NFT launch strategy and assess their preference of different stakeholders.
Ende Dezember 2019 infizierte sich in der chinesischen Stadt Wuhan vermutlich zum ersten Mal ein Mensch mit dem SARS-CoV-2 Virus. Um möglichst schnell nach einer Infektion reagieren zu können sind schnelle Diagnosemöglichkeiten von größter Bedeutung, um frühzeitig medizinische Maßnahmen ergreifen zu können. Zu diesem Zweck wird ein Bildverarbeitungsalgorithmus vorgestellt, der anhand von Röntgen-Thorax-Aufnahmen ermitteln kann, ob eine Virusinfektion oder eine bakterielle Infektion der Lunge vorliegt. Dieser soll vor allem zu einer schnelleren Diagnose von SARS-CoV-2 Virus-Infektionen in medizinisch unterversorgten Gebieten beitragen.
This paper analyses the status quo of large-scale decision making combined with the possibility of blockchain as an underlying decentralized architecture to govern common pool resources in a collective manner and evaluates them according to their requirements and features (technical and non-technical). Due to an increasing trend in the distribution of knowledge and an increasing amount of information, the combination of these decentralized technologies and approaches, can not only be beneficial for consortial governance using blockchain but can also help communities to govern common goods and resources. Blockchain and its trust-enhancing properties can potenitally be a catalysator for more collaborative behavior among participants and may lead to new insights about collective action and CPRs.