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Blockchain and other distributed ledger technologies are evolving into enabling infrastructures for innovative ICT-solutions. Numerous features, such as decentralization, programmability, and immutability of data, have led to a multitude of use cases that range from cryptocurrencies, tracking and tracing to automated business protocols or decentralized autonomous systems. For organizations that seek blockchain adoption, the overwhelming spectrum of potential application areas requires guidance reducing complexity and support the development of blockchain-based concepts. This paper introduces a classification approach to provide design and implementation guidance that goes beyond current textbook classifications. As an outcome, a typology for management and business architects is developed, before the paper concludes with an instantiation of existing use cases and a discussion of their classes.
Currently, the Internet of Things (IoT) is connected to the virtual world through the Web of Things (WoT), allowing efficient utilization of real-world objects with Internet technologies. The WoT facilitates abstract interaction between applications and connected IoT devices, allowing owners to switch between devices while using multiple ones. To achieve this, virtual assets in WoT devices can be tokenized through smart contracts and transferred using hashed proof as transactions within blockchain networks that support virtual currencies. The goal of Web of Things is to establish connectivity, interoperability, and integration among IoT devices using web standards and protocols, reducing reliance on device manufacturers. This enables easy integration of Web 3.0 cryptocurrency for device management. This study proposes a solution for WoT applications involving different cryptocurrency definitions. Finally, simulation results are presented to demonstrate the tokenization-based ownership transfer in the Web of Things.
The financial world of blockchains is mostly covered by Bitcoin, taking up about 210 billion dollars in market cap. Despite the huge security and independence which the technology offers to the users, it's not quite easy to adapt with upcoming applications due to the regulated infrastructure behind. For small-scale transactions, everyday use applications or the access to a variety of crypto technologies and projects, Bitcoin is relatively limited in future development. The compatibility for most of those applications is covering currencies from more development-driven blockchains like Ethereum. Those want to reach out for the user base that's already in hold of Bitcoins and offer them a seamless transition to new applications without the risk of losing their funds. Within the article, atomic swaps and tokenization are covered up and current approaches compared. Both mechanisms are used to fulfill this symbiosis between Bitcoin and Ethereum.
To get a more practical view, an example on how to implement such a tokenization within an app is shown. This will give deeper insights and offers inspiration for digital identity-based app development.
The topic of soulbound, non-transferable tokens is getting lots of interest within the blockchain space lately as decentralized societies become more tangible with Web3 social media applications and DAOs. In this article, I want to outline how such tokens function, their problems for adoption and standardization, and how they differ from verifiable credentials in the SSI field. As such soulbound assets will likely rely on extended recovery and asset management schemes to become viable identities that safely gain reputation and trust, features like social recovery and contract-based accounting are incorporated. By combining those new technologies and the theoretical crypto-native identity construct, the paper will give an impression of the future user-centric data economy.
Both cryptocurrency researchers and early adopters of cryptocurrencies agree that they possess a special kind of materiality, based on the laborious productive process of digital ‘mining’ [1]. This idea first appears in the Bitcoin White Paper [2] that encourages Bitcoin adopters to construct and justify its value in metaphoric comparison to gold mining. In
this paper, I explore three material aspects of blockchain: physical infrastructure, human language and computer code. I apply the concept of 'continuous materiality' [3] to show how these three aspects interact in practical implementations of blockchain such as Bitcoin and Ethereum. I start from the concept of ‘digital metallism’ that stands for ‘fundamental value’ of cryptocurrencies, and end with the move of Ethereum to ‘proof-of-stake’, partially as a countermeasure against ‘evil miners’. I conclude that ignoring material aspects of blockchain technology can only further problematize complicated relations between their technical, semiotic and social materiality.
Durch die steigende Leistungsfähigkeit von Prozessoren und Datenübertragungstechniken hat die Entwicklung und Anwendung von künstlicher Intelligenz, exemplarisch das maschinelle Lernen (engl. Machine Learning – ML) und die Methode des Deep Learning, in den letzten Jahren stark an Bedeutung gewonnen. Hierbei stellt sich die Frage, wie diese Technologien in einem weiteren zukunftsträchtigen Entwicklungsfeld, zum Beispiel bei der Entwicklung moderner Mobilitätskonzepte und hochautomatisierter/autonomer Fahrzeuge, eingesetzt werden können. Potentielle Möglichkeiten der Anwendung von AI im Entwicklungsprozess eines hochautomatisierten Fahrzeugs werden vorgestellt, aber auch die entscheidenden Herausforderungen diskutiert. Darüber hinaus wird der Unterschied zwischen verschiedenen Ansätzen ausgeführt. Dazu werden sowohl Randbedingungen als auch Herausforderungen mit Hilfe eines einfachen Beispiels aus dem täglichen Verkehrsgeschehen veranschaulicht.
Gerade bei kognitiven Tätigkeiten, bei denen viele Informationen aufgenommen, verarbeitet und daraus adäquate Entscheidungen abgeleitet werden müssen, kommt es drauf an, den Menschen optimal mit KI-Technik zu unterstützen und nicht zu überlasten. So spielen Systemtransparenz, Plausibilität der vorgeschlagenen Lösungen, Entscheidungsgewalt, beanspruchungsoptimale Informationsdarbietung und die Wahrnehmungsadäquatheit eine sehr bedeutsame Rolle. Phänomene und negative Effekte, wie zum Beispiel Technikstress, können als unterwünschte Beanspruchungsfolge auftreten. Gerade bei Umstrukturierungen und Veränderungsprozessen muss ein besonderes Augenmerk auf eine mögliche Doppelbelastung durch Parallelstrukturen (z.B. gleichzeitig verwendete Softwaresysteme neu und alt) gelegt werden. Somit stellt sich die Frage nach den Gelingensbedingungen für einen erfolgreichen Technikeinsatz. Es gilt, die Verantwortung für den Menschen in diesen Prozessen zu übernehmen. Der Artikel stellt die Herangehensweise und Lösungsansätze im Rahmen der PAL-Schwerpunkte an der BTU Cottbus-Senftenberg dar
Cybersicherheit wird für die Wasserwirtschaft mehr und mehr relevant. Durch gesetzliche Anforderungen wer-den Betreiber von kritischen Infrastrukturen zur Erfüllung des Stands der Technik bei der Informationssicherheit ihrer Anlagen verpflichtet. Neben Anforderungen an die IT-Sicherheit werden auch Anforderungen an die physische Absicherung von kritischen Infrastrukturen gestellt. In dem Beitrag werden Anforderungen aus dem IT-Sicherheitsgesetz 2.0 sowie zu erwartende Anforderungen aus dem NIS2-Umsetzungs- und Cybersicherheitsstärkungsgesetz und dem KRITIS-Dachgesetz vorgestellt und eine Empfehlung zur Vorbereitung auf die Umsetzung gegeben.
The shape-memory Nitinol as a nickel-titanium alloy is widely used in actuator and medical applications. However, the connection of a flange to the rod is a critical point. Therefore, laser rod end melting enables material accumulations to generate a preform at the end of a rod, followed by die forming, so that the flange can be generated. This process has been successfully applied on 1.4301 steel. This study is aimed to investigate laser rod end melting of shape-memory Nitinol regarding the resultant surface quality of the preforms. The results showed that spherical preforms could be generated without visible surface discoloration due to oxidation. By using different scan rates, different solidification conditions occurred which led to significantly different surface structures. These findings show that laser rod end melting can principally be applied on Nitinol to generate preforms for flanges whereby the surface quality depends on the solidification conditions.
As economies are getting more and more interconnected, the importance of the global logistics sector grew accordingly. However, both structural challenges and current events lead to recent supply chain disruptions, exposing the vulnerabilities of the sector. Simultaneously, blockchain has emerged as a key innovative technology with use cases going far beyond the exchange of virtual currencies. This paper aims to analyze how the technology is transforming global logistics and its challenges. Therefore, six use cases, are presented to give an overview of the technological possibilities of blockchain and smart contracts. The analysis combines theoretical approaches from scientific journals and combines them with findings from real-world implementations. The paper finds that the technology can change supply chain design fundamentally, with processes and decisions being automated and power within supply chain structures changing. However, implementations also face technological, environmental, and organizational challenges that need to be solved for wide-spread adoption.