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Institute
- Angewandte Computer‐ und Biowissenschaften (120) (remove)
Drought is one of the most common and dangerous threats plants have to face, costing the global agricultural sector billions of dollars every year and leading to the loss of tons of harvest. Until people drastically reduce their consumption of animal products or cellular agriculture comes of age, more and more crops will need to be produced to sustain the ever growing human population. Even then, as more areas on earth are becoming prone to drought due to climate change, we may still have to find or breed plant varieties more suitable to grow and prosper in these changing environments.
Plants respond to drought stress with a complex interplay of hormones, transcription factors, and many other functional or regulatory proteins and mapping out this web of agents is no trivial task. In the last two to three decades or so, machine learning has become immensely popular and is increasingly used to find patterns in situations that are too complex for the human mind to overlook. Even though much of the hype is focused on the latest developments in deep learning, relatively simple methods often yield superior results, especially when data is limited and expensive to gather.
This Master Thesis, conducted at the IPK in Gatersleben, develops an approach for shedding light on the phenotypic and transcriptomic processes that occur when a plant is subjected to stress. It centers around a random forest feature selection algorithm and although it is used here to illuminate drought stress response in Arabidopsis thaliana, it can be applied to all kinds of stresses in all kinds of plants.
There are multiple ways to gain information about an individual and its health status, but an increasingly popular field in medicine has become the analysis of human breath, which carries a lot of information about metabolic processes within the individuals body. The information in exhaled breath consists of volatile (organic) compounds (VOCs). These VOCs are products of metabolic processes within the individuals body, thus might be an indicator for diseases disturbing those processes. The compounds are to be detected by mass-spectrometric (MS) or ion-mobility spectrometric (IMS) techniques, making the analysis of these compounds not only bounded to exhaled breath. The resulting data is spectral data, capturing concentrations of the VOCs indirectly through intensities. However, a number of about 3000 VOCs [1] could already be determined in human exhaled breath. The number of research paper about VOC-analysis and detection had risen nearly constantly over the last decade 1. Furthermore, the technique to identify VOCs could also be used to capture biomarker from alien species within the individuals body. Extracting VOCs from an individual can be done by non- or minimal invasive techniques. However, the manual identification of VOCs and biomarkers related to a certain disease or infection is not feasible due to the complexity of the sample and often unknown metabolic products, thus automized techniques are needed. [1–4] To establish breath analysis as a diagnosis tool, machine learning methodes could be used. Machine learning has become a popular and common technique when dealing with medical data, due to the rapid analysis. Taking this advantage, breath analysis using machine learning could become the model of choice for diagnosis, keeping in mind that conventional methodes are laboratory based and thus when trying detect bacterial infection need sometimes several days to identify the organism. [5]
The games industry has significantly grown over the last 30 years. Projects are getting bigger and more expensive, making it essential to plan, structure and track them more efficiently.
The growth of projects has increased the administrative workload for producers, project managers and leads, as they have to monitor and control the progress of the project in order to keep a permanent overview of the project. This is often accompanied by a lack of insight into the project and basic communication within the team. Therefore, the goal of this thesis is to enhance conventional project management methods with process structures that occur frequently in game development.
This thesis initially elaborates on what project management in the game industry actually is: Here, methods are considered, especially agile methods and progress tracking prac-tices, which were created for software development and have become a standard in game development. Subsequently, an example is used to demonstrate how process management can function within the development of video games. Based on this, the ideal is depicted, which is implemented and used in a tool at the German games studio KING Art GmbH. This ideal is compared with expert interviews in order to verify its gen-eral validity in the industry.
By integrating process structures, the administrative effort can be reduced, communica-tion within game development can be simplified, while the current project status can be permanently presented. This benefits both project management and leads, as well as the entire team. Further application tests of this theory would have to be organized to check scalability and to draw comparisons to other applications.
Due to the intractability of the Discrete Logarithm Problem (DLP), it has been widely used in the field of cryptography and the security of several cryptosystems is based on the hardness of computation of DLP. In this paper, we start with the topics on Number Theory and Abstract Algebra as it will enable one to study the nature of discrete logarithms in a comprehensive way, and then, we concentrate on the application and computation of discrete logarithms. Application of discrete logarithms such as Diffie Hellman key exchange, ElGamal signature scheme, and several attacks over the DLP such as Baby-step Giant-step method, Silver Pohlig Hellman algorithm, etc have been analyzed. We also focus on the elliptic curve along with the discrete logarithm over the elliptic curve. Attacks for the elliptic curve discrete logarithm problem, ECDLP have been discussed. Moreover, the extension of several discrete logarithms-based protocols over the elliptic curve such as the elliptic curve digital signature algorithm, ECDSA have been discussed also.
Cancer is one of the main causes of death in developed countries, and cancer treatment heavily depends on successful early detection and diagnosis. Tumor biomarkers are helpful for early diagnose. The goal of this discovery method is to identify genetic variations as well as changes in gene expression or activity that can be linked to a typical cancer state.
First, several cancer gene signaling pathways were introduced and then combined. 27 candidate genes were selected, through the analysis of several data sets in the GEO database, a few expression difference matrices were established. Those candidate genes were tested in the matrices and found five genes PLA1A, MMP14, CCND1, BIRC5 and MYC that have the potential to be tumor biomarkers. Two of these genes have been further discussed, PLA1A is a potential biomarker for prostate cancer, and MMP14 can be considered as a biomarker for NSC lung cancer.
Finally, the significance of this study and the potential value of the two genes are discussed, and the future research in this direction is a prospect.
The Blockchain is a technology which has the capabilities to change the way, the world operates. As promising as this may be, there are still many challenges which do not exist or are way simpler to solve in conventional software solutions. Services which are offered over the blockchain suffer from so called Block-confirmation-times where the customer simply has to wait till the transaction is confirmed. In this paper possible solutions to that problem will be examined and challenges that arise from the specific criteria of the Ethereum Blockchain will be analyzed.
Machine learning models for timeseries have always been a special topic of interest due to their unique data structure. Recently, the introduction of attention improved the capabilities of recurrent neural networks and transformers with respect to their learning tasks such as machine translation. However, these models are usually subsymbolic architectures, making their inner working hard to interpret without comprehensive tools. In contrast, interpretable models such learning vector quantization are more transparent in the ability to interpret their decision process. This thesis tries to merge attention as a machine learning function with learning vector quantization to better handle timeseries data. A design on such a model is proposed and tested with a dataset used in connection with the attention based transformers. Although the proposed model did not yield the expected results, this work outlines improvements for further research on this approach.
Analysis of Continuous Learning Strategies at the Example of Replay-Based Text Classification
(2023)
Continuous learning is a research field that has significantly boosted in recent years due to highly complex machine and deep learning models. Whereas static models need to be retrained entirely from scratch when new data get available, continuous models progressively adapt to new data saving computational resources. In this context, this work analyzes parameters impacting replay-based continuous learning approaches at the example of a data-incremental text classification task using an MLP and LSTM. Generally, it was found that replay improves the results compared to naive approaches but achieves not the performance of a static model. Mainly, the performances increased with more replayed examples, and the number of training iterations has a significant influence as it can partly control the stability-plasticity-trade-off. In contrast, the impact of balancing the buffer and the strategy to select examples to store in the replay buffer were found to have a minor impact on the results in the present case.
Stability of control systems is one of the central subjects in control theory. The classical asymptotic stability theorem states that the norm of the residual between the state trajectory and the equilibrium is zero in limit. Unfortunately, it does not in general allow computing a concrete rate of convergence particularly due to algorithmic uncertainty which is related to numerical imperfections of floating-point arithmetic. This work proposes to revisit the asymptotic stability theory with the aim of computation of convergence rates using constructive analysis which is a mathematical tool that realizes equivalence between certain theorems and computation algorithms. Consequently, it also offers a framework which allows controlling numerical imperfections in a coherent and formal way. The overall goal of the current study also matches with the trend of introducing formal verification tools into the control theory. Besides existing approaches, constructive analysis, suggested within this work, can also be considered for formal verification of control systems. A computational example is provided that demonstrates extraction of a convergence certificate for example dynamical systems.