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The study “Proteomic and systems biological database analysis of changed proteins from rat brain tissue after diving “ is about system biological testing of proteomic data obtained by rat brain after experimental diving in a pressure chamber. Basically, brain tissue from animal decompression sickness (DCS) was analyzed by mass spectrometry and has given two larger sets of modified proteins. Thereupon, the resulting up- and down-regulated proteins wereidentified and later compared by means of systems of biological databases, in this case GeneGo MetaCoreTM, in order to find similar or various affected cell biological signaling pathways when two different mass-spectrometry methods were compared.
The almost complete transcription of the human genome yield in a high number of transcripts, that do not encode proteins. However, the functional elucidation of especially long non cod-ing RNAs is still difficult. Secondary structure analysis is assumed to be a possible method to detect functional relationships of lncRNAs on a large scale, but it is still time consuming and error-prone. GRAPHCLUST, the currently most suitable clustering tool based on RNA secondary structure analysis, lacks mainly in an efficient method for the interpretation of its results. Hence, an independent and interactive RNA clustering interpretation tool was developed to allow visu-alisation and an efficient analysis of RNA clustering results.
Different small molecule kinase inhibitors, which have an influence on cell growth, proliferation and cell survival were tested alone and in combination with Erlotinib in the Erlotinib-resistant non-small cell lung cancer cell line PC-9ER and Cisplatin in the K-Ras mutant cell line H358. The aim was to find out, which combinations produce the best antiproliferative effects in non-small cell lung cancer cell lines.
In this work a novelty detection framework provided by M. Filippone and G. Sanguinetti is considered, which is useful especially when only few training samples are available. It is restricted to Gaussian mixture models and makes use of information theory, applying the Kullback-Leibler divergence. In this work two variations of the framework are presented, applying the symmetric Hellinger divergence and a statistical likelihood approach.
The larval zebrafish mutant Knörf has got a not yet identified gen, which is lethal after 14 dpf in a homozygous state. The mutation courses various degenerations and the loss of the regeneration ability. One of these degenerations was first discovered in the retina by a histological section. The mutants retinas show gaps in the IPL at 7 and 8 dpf which number increases during the maturation of the larva. In recent studies a pax 6 staining was performed, which showed that amacrine cells areaffected. Different types of amacrine cells were tested and it was shown that the parvalbuminergic amacrine cells disappear. The staining was performed in a time course. At 5 dpf is no difference between the number of parvalbuminergic amacrine cells in siblings and mutants but then the degeneration starts. At 2 dpa there is thefirst significant difference which increases at later stages and leads nearly to a full disappearance of these cells in the eye. Parvalbumin is not only present in the retina, therefore the brain as another central nervous system structure was examined. In the telencephalon these cells disappear already at 2 dpa. The parvalbuminergic cells are also present in the skeletal muscle of the tail. Here the degeneration starts approximately at the half of the tail and intensifies to distal areas. It was shown, that parvalbuminergic cells in the muscle disappear until 4dpa. The role of parvalbumin is seemed in the binding ofcalcium and therefore it supports the adjustment of the resting potential after an excitation in the central nervous system. In muscles it assists in the slowing of relaxing after a contraction of a muscle.
For the first time it was discovered that ultraviolet radiation with a wavelength of 200 to 400 nm (maximum 365 nm) radiated from a distance of 40 cm (intensity: 3500 mW/cm²) to PMMA altered its surface wettability as well as a roughness at the nanoscale that was observed with an atomic force microscope (AFM). The roughness rises and falls again in a short time ( 1-2days ) after 75 min and 180 min irradiation time. However , during the next 10 days roughness became stabilized and there was no influence of UV if PMMA was stored in air or in a Petri dish out of glass.
When entering waterways that are restricted either in height, width or by another vessel, the behaviour of a ship changes. The most evident effect of navigating in shallow water is the squat which has led to several groundings. Because of pressure differences the vessel is pulled down into the water and the trim is changed. Another shallow water effect is the speed loss due to an increase in resistance which can reduce the maximal speed by upto 50 percent. In general the behaviour of a ship in shallow water is said to be sluggish, meaning that it is more difficult to navigate which affects the radius of the turning circle among others. Sailing parallel to a close-by bank affects the lateral force and the yaw moment. The interaction with other ships has similar effects as bank effects, but is more sophisticated since more parameters play a major role. In this thesis each of these effects is researched by studying several papers by renowned researchers.
Several models are developed which are correspondent with the inherent model of forces and moments of the simulation program. The challenges and obstacles that arised during modelling and implementation are pointed out and solutions or approaches are given.
This master thesis investigates a new method for the feature extraction of gray scale images, the so called „Non-Euclidean Principal Component Analysis“ 1. Thereby the standard inner product of the Euclidean space is substituted by a semi inner product in the well known learning rule of Oja and Sanger. The new method is compared with the standard principal component analysis (PCA) by extracting features (feature vectors) of different databases with class labels and judged regarding the accuracies of „Border Sensitive Generalized Learning Vector Quantization“ (BSGLVQ), „Feed Forward Neural Networks“ (FFNN) and the „Support Vector Machines“ (SVM).
A number of real time PCR approaches have been published in the literature. In this thesis, the suitability of different real time PCR approaches using hydrolysis probes have been evaluated regarding PCR performance, cost effectiveness as well as handling. The effect of double-quenched probes as well as the impact of the increase of relative Flap endonuclease amount in quantitative real time PCR has been examined. In terms of genotyping a TaqMan™ assay, considered to be the gold-standard in this application, has been tested and compared to phosphorothioate modified probes, allele specific primers, SNAKE primers, an allele specific probe and primer assays as well as an assay using minor groove binder probes. Promising observations have been made in the case of double-quenched probes, phosphorothioate modified probes, SNAKE primers as well as minor groove binder probes.