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Decentralizing Smart Energy Markets - tamper-proof-documentation of flexibility market processes
(2020)
The evolving granularity and structural decentralization of the energy system leads to a need for new tools for the efficient operation of electricity grids. Local Flexibility Markets (or "Smart Markets") provide platform concepts for market based congestion management. In this context there is a distinct need for a secure, reliable and tamper-resistant market design which requires transparent and independent monitoring of platform operation. Within the following paper different concepts for blockchain-based documentation of relevant processes on the proposed market platform are described. On this basis potential technical realizations are discussed. Finally, the implementation of one setup using Merkle tree operations is presented by using open source libraries.
The set of transactions that occurs on the public ledger of an Ethereum network in a specific time frame can be represented as a directed graph, with vertices representing addresses and an edge indicating the interaction between two addresses.
While there exists preliminary research on analyzing an Ethereum network by the means of graph analysis, most existing work is focused on either the public Ethereum Mainnet or on analyzing the different semantic transaction layers using
static graph analysis in order to carve out the different network properties (such as interconnectivity, degrees of centrality, etc.) needed to characterize a blockchain network. By analyzing the consortium-run bloxberg Proof-of-Authority (PoA) Ethereum network, we show that we can identify suspicious and potentially malicious behaviour of network participants by employing statistical graph analysis. We thereby show that it is possible to identify the potentially malicious
exploitation of an unmetered and weakly secured blockchain network resource. In addition, we show that Temporal Network Analysis is a promising technique to identify the occurrence of anomalies in a PoA Ethereum network.
As economies are getting more and more interconnected, the importance of the global logistics sector grew accordingly. However, both structural challenges and current events lead to recent supply chain disruptions, exposing the vulnerabilities of the sector. Simultaneously, blockchain has emerged as a key innovative technology with use cases going far beyond the exchange of virtual currencies. This paper aims to analyze how the technology is transforming global logistics and its challenges. Therefore, six use cases, are presented to give an overview of the technological possibilities of blockchain and smart contracts. The analysis combines theoretical approaches from scientific journals and combines them with findings from real-world implementations. The paper finds that the technology can change supply chain design fundamentally, with processes and decisions being automated and power within supply chain structures changing. However, implementations also face technological, environmental, and organizational challenges that need to be solved for wide-spread adoption.
Bisher gibt es keine einwandfreie manipulationssichere Nachweisführung für klimafreundlichen „grünen“ Wasserstoff und der damit möglichen Nachverfolgung der Herkunft vom Erzeuger erneuerbarer Energien bis zum Endverbraucher, sodass die gesamte Supply Chain des „grünen“ Wasserstoffs nicht im Sinne einer ökonomischen, ökologischen und sozialen Nachhaltigkeit dargestellt und in einem sicheren und transparenten Markt abgebildet werden kann. Mit einer geeigneten Blockchain kann dieses Problem gelöst werden, die darüber hinaus weitere noch nie dagewesene Mehrwerte für die Supply Chain des „grünen“ Wasserstoffmarktes und für den nachhaltigen Strukturwandel insgesamt bietet und deren Entwicklung demnächst im Rahmen des Förderaufrufs „Technologieoffensive Wasserstoff“ innerhalb der Forschungsförderung des Bundesministeriums für Wirtschaft und Klimaschutz im 7. Energieforschungsprogramm der Bundesregierung startet.
Mehr als 50 Milliarden physische Objekte sollen bis 2020 mit dem Internet verbunden sein. Diese reichen von kleinen und rechenarmen RFID-Systemen bis zu komplexen Geräten wie Smartphones, intelligenten Geräten und Fahrzeugen.
Für dieses Internet of Things (IoT) bedarf es eines Systemvertrauens, da die Nutzung intelligenter Dienste über das Internet ohne menschliches Eingreifen geschieht. Heute vorhandene zentrale Vertrauensinstanzen für IoT verlieren aufgrund von Hacker- und Cyberangriffen ihr Vertrauen. Mit der Blockchain existiert eine Vertrauensarchitektur, die es dem Menschen erlaubt, einem System und seinen Komponenten, und nicht einer zentralen Instanz zu vertrauen. Kann die Symbiose von Blockchain und IoT Vertrauen generieren? Dieser Artikel präsentiert eine systematische Literaturübersicht zum Konzept Vertrauen im Kontext der Blockchain-Technologie für das IoT und deren Geschäftsmodelle.
Das Ziel dieses Beitrags ist die Darstellung der aktuellen Entwicklungen im Zusammenspiel von Blockchain und IoT, um diese als Blaupause für die Schaffung von Vertrauen in weiteren Anwendungsfeldern nutzen zu können.
A Systematic Literature Review on Blockchain Oracles: State of Research, Challenges, and Trends
(2023)
To enable data exchange between the Blockchain protocol (on-chain) and the real world (off-chain), e.g., non-Blockchain-based applications and systems, a software called Oracle is used [3]. Blockchain oracle is an important component in the use of off-chain data for on-chain smart contracts. However, there is limited scientific literature available on this important blockchain topic. Therefore, in this paper, a novel systematic literature review based on intelligent methods, e.g., information linking, topic clustering and focus identification through frequency calculations, is proposed. Thus, the current state of scientific research interest, content and challenges, and future research directions for blockchain oracles are identified. This paper shows that there is little unbiased literature that does not call oracles a problem. From the results of this new literature review framework, relevant areas of data handling and verification with blockchain oracles are identified for future research.
After creating a new blockchain transaction, the next step usually is to make miners aware of it by having it propagated through the blockchain’s peer-to-peer network. We study an unintended alternative to peer-to-peer propagation: Exclusive mining. Exclusive mining is a type of collusion between a transaction initiator and a single miner (or mining pool). The initiator sends transactions through a private channel directly to the miner instead of propagating them through the peerto-peer network. Other blockchain users only become aware of these transactions once they have been included in a block by the miner. We identify three possible motivations for engaging in exclusive mining: (i) reducing transaction cost volatility (“confirmation as a service”), (ii) hiding unconfirmed transactions from the network to prevent frontrunning and (iii) camouflaging wealth transfers as transaction costs to evade taxes or launder money. We further outline why exclusive mining is difficult to prevent and introduce metrics which can be used to identify mining pools engaging in exclusive mining activity.
In der Anfangszeit der Distributed Ledger Technologies (DLT) waren die hauptsächlichen Betrachtungswinkel die der Disruption des Bank- und Finanzwesens.
Mit dem Aufkommen des Systems Ethereum im Jahr 2015, hat die Auseinandersetzung mit der Anwendung von Blockchain in weiteren Branchen, an Bedeutung gewonnen. Eine davon ist die Logistik und das Supply Chain Management (SCM). Gerade in Deutschland spielt der Logistiksektor eine große Rolle, nach der Beschäftigtenzahl ist er die drittgrößte Branche und erzielt einen Umsatz von rund 258 Milliarden Euro. Im Beitrag werden konkrete Anwendungsfelder identifiziert und gezeigt welche potentiellen Vorteile sich dort, durch den Einsatz von DLT, erzielen lassen. Ein Schwerpunkt liegt dabei auf der Einschätzung der Technologie hinsichtlich ihrer Sicherheitseigenschaften.
Im Beitrag wird den Fragen nachgegangen, ob Datensicherheit mithilfe von DLT verbessert werden kann und auf welchem Wege.
Applications and Potential Impacts of Blockchain Technology in Logistics and Supply Chain Areas
(2022)
The motive of the present thesis is to analyze the applications and potential impacts of blockchain technology in the logistics and supply chain areas. For this purpose, the literature from different sources has been used to analyze and get an overview of the current status and role of blockchain technology within the logistics and supply chain areas. Different use cases, as well as pilot projects from organizations all over the world and also from Germany, have been included. Suggestions for further applications and implementations of blockchain technology along with their potential impacts have been made. Additionally, the cost of implementing blockchain-based solutions and applications has been estimated along with providing recommendations and suggestions for important and key points to be considered before preparing and deciding to implement blockchain-based solutions in any organization.