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Institute
The Media System of Malawi
(2010)
nicht vorhanden
The thesis presents an investigation of the question whether it is viable for the English company Essential Care to introduce a direct selling channel in the United Kingdom. The thesis provides an outline of the direct selling and labour market in the United Kingdom, including organisations and legislation for direct selling. A SWOT analysis illustrates the external and internal factors that could have an influence on the feasibility of the project. The main part of the thesis focuses on a market research survey which was conducted in the United Kingdom. Followed by an analysis of the results it provides a detailed outline of the findings. At the end of the thesis the overall findings are summarised and recommendations for Essential Care are presented.
The primary objective of this work and the research at the “Helmholtz-Zentrum für Umweltforschung” was to gain a deeper understanding of the basically transformation processes, especially for nitrogen species, in constructed wetlands. Therefore two different types of laboratory scale model systems, run with two different artificial wastewaters, had been observed for about 4 months. Data about the situation of three nitrogen species (ammonium, nitrate, nitrite), the physical condition of the pore water and the carbon sources contained by the water had been collected and compared. The present work will provide a summary about the actual knowledge of the microbial processes in constructed wetlands and the general character of such constructions. It will explain the different methods used to gain the data which will be later wards discussed with the aid of the created graphs in the final argumentation.
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The bachelor thesis is about cis-trans isomerization of Xaa-Pro (Xaa = any amino acid), their quantitative acquisition and the selection of 3D structure information for the prediction with a support vector machine (SVM). The quantitative detection of occurrence of cis-, trans- and cis/trans conformation in membrane proteins will be examined and evaluated. The 3D structure informa-tions include 12 features, the amino acids around proline and are including of proline. These include the inside/outside classification, the real secondary structure, energy consideration, as well as five further amino acid occur properties within a defined radius of the proline. From this information, a data set was created for the SVM. This program is used for the prediction of unknown and known Xaa Pro Isomerisms. The methods for the analysis were implemented with the platform independent programming language Java. Two programs have emerged from the work to a Xaa PIPT for the quantitative detection and extracting structural information and m Xaa-PIPT to the pure prediction of Xaa-Pro isomerism in protein structures. 389 Membrane proteins from the PDB (Protein Data Bank) served as a basis. The data were also statistically analysed and evaluated.
In this work a new method for the prediction of the Xaa-proline (where Xaa is any amino acid) cis/trans isomerization was investigated. By extraction of twelve structural features (real secondary structure, inside/outside classification, properties of the environment around proline and proline itself) a support vector machine (SVM) based prediction approach was evolved. The Java software Xaa-PIPT for structural feature extraction was developed. Based on 4397 (2199 cis and 2198 trans) prolines extracted from non-redundant, globular proteins a classifier was trained using the radial basis function (RBF) kernel. In ten-fold cross-validation it achieved an accuracy of 70.0478 % and a Matthews correlation coefficient (MCC) of 0.4223, a sensitivity of 0.5433 and a specificity of 0.8576. Based on this classifier a lightweight and easy-to-use Java software tool, called m Xaa-PIPT, for the prediction of the Xaa-proline cis/trans isomerization was devel-oped. It was shown that there are correlations between the proline surrounding environment and the isomerization state. m Xaa-PIPT can be used for the evaluation of low-resolution protein structures and theoretical models to improve their quality by the prediction of the Xaa-proline isomerization.
This paper explores the origins of Maori images in New Zealand film history. Discussing the history of Maori and their society brings us closer to a, once almost extinct, race and its struggle for self-representation and self-governance. By taking an in-depth look at New Zealands film history we get to understand how Maori were the subject of the earliest films and at what time they started making their own films. Combining those elements gives us the opportunity to understand how early images of Maori were created by Pakeha directors. By looking at different films throughout film history shows how Maori images evolved in time, especially when Maori started depicting themselves. This paper not only answers questions about Maori images in film but also tries to make people realise what odds Maori had to overcome in their daily struggle for selfdetermination.
This feasibility study shows possibilities, how logistical concepts can be
improved or reorganized. Therefore, the assambly line for hydraulic blocks at
Bosch Rexroth Changzhou is checked and new ideas are shown. To ensure
comparability, three different cases are considered. Based on this evaluation,
recommendations for further development are displayed.
Different small molecule kinase inhibitors, which have an influence on cell growth, proliferation and cell survival were tested alone and in combination with Erlotinib in the Erlotinib-resistant non-small cell lung cancer cell line PC-9ER and Cisplatin in the K-Ras mutant cell line H358. The aim was to find out, which combinations produce the best antiproliferative effects in non-small cell lung cancer cell lines.
The larval zebrafish mutant Knörf has got a not yet identified gen, which is lethal after 14 dpf in a homozygous state. The mutation courses various degenerations and the loss of the regeneration ability. One of these degenerations was first discovered in the retina by a histological section. The mutants retinas show gaps in the IPL at 7 and 8 dpf which number increases during the maturation of the larva. In recent studies a pax 6 staining was performed, which showed that amacrine cells areaffected. Different types of amacrine cells were tested and it was shown that the parvalbuminergic amacrine cells disappear. The staining was performed in a time course. At 5 dpf is no difference between the number of parvalbuminergic amacrine cells in siblings and mutants but then the degeneration starts. At 2 dpa there is thefirst significant difference which increases at later stages and leads nearly to a full disappearance of these cells in the eye. Parvalbumin is not only present in the retina, therefore the brain as another central nervous system structure was examined. In the telencephalon these cells disappear already at 2 dpa. The parvalbuminergic cells are also present in the skeletal muscle of the tail. Here the degeneration starts approximately at the half of the tail and intensifies to distal areas. It was shown, that parvalbuminergic cells in the muscle disappear until 4dpa. The role of parvalbumin is seemed in the binding ofcalcium and therefore it supports the adjustment of the resting potential after an excitation in the central nervous system. In muscles it assists in the slowing of relaxing after a contraction of a muscle.
The main purpose of this thesis is to investigate factors influencing the buying decision of cigarette smokers. To achieve this, different theories concerning consumer buying behavior and factors influencing have been discussed to achieve a deeper understand of consumer behaviour. To enable me comprehend the influence factors that influence the buying decision of a smoker as a consumer, a survey with questionnaires was performed. The results of the survey indicates that brand awareness, quality of the tobacco, price, packaging, advertisement, influence by others and availability are the major factors influencing the buying decision of a smoker, with availability, quality, price and brand awareness having the most effective influence on a smoker.
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This thesis deals with the possible integration of social media communication in the marketing of the International Rectifier Corporation. The basis for the implementation of the new communication channel is set through a detailed description of basic, theoret ical functions and features of business-to-business communication as well as social media communication. Based on this knowledge the marketing communication of International Rectifier is analyzed and compared to the competitors. The theoretical lessons in combination with the analysis will then be used to develop a competitive and effective social media strategy for International Rectifier.
The main purpose of this Bachelor thesis was to find and to compile comprehensive information on barley genes expressed in the context of pollen embryogen esis. In the present study, this approach was confined to genes that were previously known to be associated with the initiation of embryogenesis in different plant species. First, candidate transcript sequences were identified in barley. Second, transcript and associated genomic sequences were analyzed in silico to provide suitable structural and functional annotations. Finally, the results of one representative example are presented and interpreted in detail. This work aims to contribute to a significantly improved understanding of pollen embryogenesis - a biological phenomenon broadly used for haploid technology in crop improvement.
The study “Proteomic and systems biological database analysis of changed proteins from rat brain tissue after diving “ is about system biological testing of proteomic data obtained by rat brain after experimental diving in a pressure chamber. Basically, brain tissue from animal decompression sickness (DCS) was analyzed by mass spectrometry and has given two larger sets of modified proteins. Thereupon, the resulting up- and down-regulated proteins wereidentified and later compared by means of systems of biological databases, in this case GeneGo MetaCoreTM, in order to find similar or various affected cell biological signaling pathways when two different mass-spectrometry methods were compared.
This work concentrates on the frequently used marketing instrument brand personality. Its effect on the consumer and how it drives consumer behaviour through TV advertis-ing are the focus. Scientific material, utilising research results of the last 20 years, has been analysed to investigate this subject. Furthermore, the example of Southern Comfort provides an insight of brand personality being applied to the real world of marketing business.
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This Bachelor thesis provides an experimental validation of the “si-Fi” software, which was designed for RNAi off-target searches and silencing efficiency predictions. The experimental approach is based on using synthetic DNA as RNAi-target as well as RNAi-trigger sequence. The data was generated by two different types of experiments using a transient gene silencing system in bombarded barley epidermal cells. The efficiency of RNAi was estimated by scoring the effect of silencing of the susceptibility-related gene Mlo on resistance of transformed cells to the powdery mildew fungus Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei by observing reduction of fluorescent signals coming from an RNAi target fused to the green fluorescent protein. The aim of this work was a comparison between in silicio prediction of RNAi efficiency and off-target effects in barley and experimental data.
In recent years the term Cloud has become popular in the world of technology. It is used to describe many different Information Technology offerings, but people are adapting this word without truly understanding it. “Demystifying the Cloud – Drawing the Lines between Technologies and Concepts” by Kevin Arnot takes a look at many levels of the Cloud and gives a comprehensive overview of the technologies and ideas that make it a paradigm shift. The author analyzes the term methodically by leveraging appropriate information from the Internet as well as from experts. An important milestone in understanding the Cloud accurately is differentiating between its components. These include: underlying technologies, the three Cloud Service Models (SaaS, IaaS and PaaS) and how it is deployed, publically or privately. The result is to understand that a Cloud can be composed in different ways and therefore serves exactly the needs of its users. Furthermore, the author describes challenges that individuals and busi-nesses have to deal with equally and reviews possible solutions. Cloud technology will continue to evolve; however, the future business value of the term “Cloud” will depend on how companies continue using or misusing it.
This work examines the impact Web 2.0 has on CRM in journalism. For this purpose the communication strategies of one international, one New Zealand and one exclusively online men’s magazine are compared. Through this comparison changes in the magazines’ approach to CRM are identified and expert interviews with editors give further insight into the dynamic of the evolution CRM and the journalism industry are going through. Finally, the conclusion illuminates the effects this evolution has on CRM in journalism.
Purpose: This study addresses issues of occupational mental health among nurses. Factors such as linking role, work and social factors, stress, burnout, depression, absenteeism and the intention of turnover, guides the research. The purpose of this research paper therefore looks forward to answer the question "How to measure the extent at which nurses experience symptoms or risk of depression through various factors such as individual or demographic factors, emotional exhaustion and stressful working situations?"
Design: Data were collected from 9 nurses working for major hospitals located in Germany, Baden-Württemberg (Mannheim and Heidelberg), Bremen, Ukraine and Ghana.
Methods: The design and method utilized in the qualitative and quantitative research methods is a survey, which consists of a questionnaire and biographical Interviews.
Questionnaire was used to collect data, which included demographic and job characte-ristics, job-related stress, emotional labor, and depressive symptoms The PHQ-9, serves to measure the depressive symptoms of the participants and serves as an instrument to back up the Interviews conducted. The questionnaire was evaluated with the SPSS version 21.0. Descriptive statistics, correlations, and frequency were used to analyze and evaluate the data.
Results: The study found out that all the participants who took part in this survey are depressed ranging from minimal to moderate depression. The questionnaire detected approximately 20% of the participants being minimal depressed, 40%, mild depressed and 30% moderate depressed. The composed questions targeted on factors like Occupational Stress and Work strain with factors as well as recognition and appreciation from patients and organization. 77, 80% admitted, they have no recognition and appreciation from colleagues and patients. 44,40% turned out to be very stressed up with
their daily work routine and the other 55,60% finds it only stressful .100% turned out to find Labor disturbances as a stress factor. All the participants are not pleased with their salary which leads to Job dissatisfaction.
Conclusion: The results show that it is necessary to implement programs for nurses to help reduce job-related stress, Preventive and suitable methods should be considered to reduce mental strain before depression manifest itself.
Clinical Relevance: Introducing programs that may help nurses and its organization is the work of Human resource management in nursing organization. Nursing administrators have to understand that, the rate at which nurses have to work and deal with other stressful situations might cause them to suffer depressive symptoms. In other to help this situation, they can aspire to enhance stressful work conditions, develop programs
that subdue job related stress and minimize the expectations of depressive symptoms.
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of provocative marketing strategies of different companies in the fashion industry in the first part. The thesis emphasizes on various strategies used by several firms. Furthermore it demonstrates the
different modes of provocation and also the process of a marketing strategy. The second part highlights the opportunities and risks of provocative marketing strategies based on American Apparel.
A number of real time PCR approaches have been published in the literature. In this thesis, the suitability of different real time PCR approaches using hydrolysis probes have been evaluated regarding PCR performance, cost effectiveness as well as handling. The effect of double-quenched probes as well as the impact of the increase of relative Flap endonuclease amount in quantitative real time PCR has been examined. In terms of genotyping a TaqMan™ assay, considered to be the gold-standard in this application, has been tested and compared to phosphorothioate modified probes, allele specific primers, SNAKE primers, an allele specific probe and primer assays as well as an assay using minor groove binder probes. Promising observations have been made in the case of double-quenched probes, phosphorothioate modified probes, SNAKE primers as well as minor groove binder probes.
This paper set out to determine what the effect of daily internet usage on a short attention span was and whether this had an effect on academic performance. As described briefly in the introduction this paper consisted of laying the groundwork through defining the relevant terminology, applying the methodology to the Hypotheses and making conclusive statements.
Two Hypotheses were presented to give the paper the aim. While Hypothesis 1 can be proven true through the two-step terminology applied, Hypothesis 2 does not stand up to the scrutiny. For lack of sufficient and specific evidence, the only conclusive statement that can be made regarding it is that it is untrue.
Approx. 80% of the population sample analysed were between the age of 19 – 30 which automatically reduces the analysis, extrapolations and scientific statements to a more specific age group. The other ages represented were almost all above, meaning that the findings could not accurately be applied to older age groups.
Nonetheless, the data collected was accurate and good be applied to prove Hypothesis 1, meaning that daily internet usage breeds and invites a short attention span. For lack of a fitting data collection method, physcial, social, mental factors along with motivation of an individual make up his academic performance. These were factors that could not be taken into consideration.
Conclusively, the author predicts that a present internet connection coupled with the growing popularity of digital technology attention spans will contin ue to stay as short as they are. Individuals will find ways to direct their short attention span where it is needed and apply it as necessary.
Evolution of Game Music : a look at characteristic elements of music in video games across time
(2015)
Music in video games is a subject worth regarding. Nevertheless, it isn't totally explored yet. This thesis shows and explains characteristics every video game music has and explores them regarding the developments in the history of video games. The thesis contains information about video games that inspired the musical evolution of games or that contain music as key part, as well as information about technological advances that influenced the musical evolution.
The cultivation of mammalian cells in the third dimension has a great potential for a
wide application in regenerative medicine, pharmaceutical industry or cancer research.
An overview about actual 3-D cultivation techniques like hydrogels and porous scaffolds as well as their various materials and modifications is given in this thesis. Also different products and their implementation for a new application of 3-D cell
culture in a laboratory are described.
This Bachelor thesis deals with connected systems consisting of a multitude of similar electronic devices
(often referred to as agents) endowed with information processing abilities. It is required that these socalled multi-agent systems solve a certain task with a high reliability, while the individual components
are not able to solve the problem on their own in a satisfying manner. A central control unit can not or
shall not be used in such systems for a variety of different reasons: For example, a significant drawback of
a central control unit is the vulnerability of the system. If the central control unit fails, the whole system breaks down. Therefore, multi-agent systems require special algorithms enabling the agents to solve a
common, global problem in a suitable manner by local interaction only.
In this thesis distributed algorithms are investigated which can be used for distributed information pro-cessing and control of such multi-agent systems. In the first part of this work, it is assumed that each
agent posses a private information state about a common parameter of interest. The described consensus algorithm enables all agents to reach a system-wide identical information state by local information
exchanges only. Subsequently, it is considered the case that every agent has access to streaming data containing information about an a priori unknown parameter. The diffusion strategy described in the second
part enables the agents to estimate this parameter and to minimize a global cost function which depends
on it. Both algorithms are described in a general framework and can therefore be applied to a variety of
different problems. One application of these strategies, which is described in the third part of this work,
is the simulation of swarming behavior.
nicht vorhanden
The voluntary international blog VaultingNews exists for two years now. Meanwhile the
team grew and the costs increased. This thesis is a collection of tools, which can help
to improve the communication of the team members who are spread all over the world
and introduces monetization ideas where the focus lies on establishing an online fan
shop based in Germany. This chapter results in a check list which laws have to be
observed.
The design of an interview model based on competencies arises from the need to have highly qualified people that contribute to the achievement of organizational objectives. It intendes to shape the department of human resources into a strategic area of the company. To achieve this, organizational competencies are defined, and guidelines for the elaboration of a portfolio of questions, as well as the design of a competency dictionary, are established. These serve as tools for the human resources processes of the company Visbal Moreno y Sucesores Ltd. Through this work, the importance of the human factor is exposed as part of the organizational strategy.
Thіs bachеlоr thеsіs was еxеcutеd fоr Іntеrpіpе cоmpany and іt cоncеntratеs оn іts busіnеss stratеgy оn іntеrnatіоnal markеts, еspеcіally оn Mіddlе Еastеrn pіpеs markеt. Chооsіng an іnapprоprіatе еntry busіnеss stratеgy can lеad tо sіgnіfіcant nеgatіvе cоnsеquеncеs, busіnеss stratеgy sеlеctіоn оn іntеrnatіоnal markеts іs оnе оf thе mоst crіtіcal dеcіsіоns іn іntеrnatіоnal tradе systеm. Thе thеоrеtіcal framеwоrk оf thе bachеlоr thеsіs іs prоvіdеd іn thе sеcоnd chaptеr, whіch was maіnly cоllеctеd by dеsktоp studyіng. Thе thеоry rеvіеw cоntaіns dеscrіptіоn оf varіоus fоrеіgn markеt stratеgіеs, mеthоds and mеchanіsms оf dеcіsіоn-makіng, lеvеls and typеs оf busіnеss еnvіrоnmеnt. A cоmbіnatіоn оf thеоrіеs іs adоptеd tо facіlіtatе thе prоcеss оf gathеrіng thе rеquеstеd іnfоrmatіоn. Thе thіrd chaptеr cоntaіns іnfоrmatіоn abоut Іntеrpіpе Cоmpany und іt´s еcоnоmіc actіvіty іn thе hоst cоuntry and abrоad. Gеnеral іnfоrmatіоn abоut Іntеrpіpе Cоmpany, іts currеnt pоsіtіоn, busіnеss dеvеlоpmеnt stratеgy fоr 2015-2016 yеars arе prеsеntеd. Thе sіtuatіоn оn thе pіpеs and whееls markеt іn Ukraіnе durіng thе pеrіоd 2014-2015 was analyzеd and оn accоunt оf thіs thе rеasоns оf dеclіnе іn prоfіts and salеs wеrе еducеd. Cоіncіdеntly thе pеnеtratіоn fоrms оf Іntеrpіpе Cоmpany tо fоrеіgn cоuntrіеs wеrе cоnsіdеrеd. Іn thіs rеgard thе mоst succеssful еntry fоrms arе suggеstеd tо bе accеptеd as thе maіn kеy stratеgy оf pеnеtratіоn tо thе іntеrnatіоnal markеt. Thе fоrth chaptеr prоvіdеs thе іnfоrmatіоn abоut thе cеrtaіn apprоach оf pеnеtratіоn оf Іntеrpіpе Cоmpany tо thе Mіddlе Еastеrn pіpе markеt. Thе purpоsе іs tо іncrеasе thе numbеr оf dеlіvеrіеs tо оіl and gas cоmpanіеs іn thіs rеgіоn and cоntіnuе еstablіshіng оf іts rеlatіоns wіth kеy agеnts and dіstrіbutоrs. Thе prоjеct aіms tо еlеvatе currеnt pоsіtіоn оf thе еntеrprіsе оn Mіddlе Еastеrn pіpеs markеt and adjust advantagеоus іntеrnatіоnal rеlatіоns fоr bоth cоuntеrparts. Data іs cоllеctеd frоm varіоus sоurcеs, іncludіng: bооks and jоurnals іn thе thеоrеtіcal framеwоrk, nеwspapеrs, cоmpany’s publіshеd rеpоrts, prеss rеlеasеs, catalоguеs, bullеtіns, brоchurеs, prеsеntatіоn, Іntеrnеt rеsоurcеs еtc. іn thе еmpіrіcal study.
The loss of photoreceptors is a major course for visual impairment and blindness with no cure currently established. Photoreceptor replacement into mouse models of retinal degeneration is currently investigated as a potential future therapy. To evaluate visual function in mice before and after treatment two vision-based behavioral tests (optomotor tracking and the light/dark box) were investigated including their feasibility to distinguish between rod and cone photoreceptor function. Both methods turned out to be an objective and reliable readout for vision ability in wildtype mice and mice with vision impairment due to retinal degeneration. The capability of the methods to assess slight vision improvements have to be further evaluated.
Therefore options for improvement of the established tests and an idea for a new test paradigm have been introduced.
Genetic sex determination of ancient DNA samples based on one simple mathematical algorithm, which considers the number of mapped reads on autosomal, X, and Y chromosomes. The algorithm is implemented in one command line tool - SiD. SiD is used to deter-mine the sex of 16 samples, which have been shotgun sequenced and captured with a 1240k panel.
This thesis was written in order to prove the expediency of startup ecosystem support and to develop practical recommendations for Belarusian government based on the analysis of successful practices in the U.S. and Lithuania.
It covers the essence of a “startup company” and a “startup ecosystem” as well as provides the analysis of socioeconomic impact of startup companies with particular focus on job creation. It sheds light on the best startup support policies in the U.S., where most prominent startup ecosystems are operating, and Lithuania as a country with similar to Belarusian preconditions and a rapidly
developing ecosystem. Furthermore, this paper deals with Belarus‘s peculiarities regarding fostering startup ecosystem growth. It assesses recent economic development of Belarusian IT sector and gives an insight into its competitive advantages and challenges.
The subsequent paper is based on internet research using articles, presentations, reports and studies, websites and official legal documents.
The following is a description and outline of the work done at the Cornell Lab of Ornithology developing Nation Feathers VR, a virtual reality game for learning about bird calls and songs. The goal was to develop a game which is intuitive, educational and entertaining. Furthermore, the software needed to be structured in a way that allows for feasible future expansion. This required careful data saving and retrieval. The game gives the player an opportunity to learn and apply that knowledge, all while maintaining a shorter runtime in order to reduce the total time spent in the virtual world. This is meant to prevent any discomfort to the player that may result from extended use of the VR headset.
Abstract nicht vorhanden
Success story DAB in the UK
(2017)
The popularity of digital audio broadcasting in different countries can be explained mainly by means of historical development. In this work, the general technical conditions are explained and the mode of operation is explained. In addition, advantages, disadvantages and alternatives are presented. After that, the development of the digital radio in Germany and the UK is compared with the current situation in order to show how the differences have led to a different distribution and acceptance of the medium.
This thesis proposes a solution to the practical problem of supervising relatively basic mechanic processes in robotics by means of computervision. Supervision happens by comparing the tracked movement with a known, ideal recording of the movement that acts as a model.
First, this thesis analyzes possible approaches to the problem regarding data structures and representation, ways of extracting the data from the recording and ways to compare the data sets of two recordings. Then, a specific solution is implemented in C++ and explained.
The computer based calculation of the sound insulation in between dwellings or the analysis of the transmission in a building are common use in practice of a building acoustic engineer. With the release of the revised DIN 4109 in July 2016 a whole new calculation model was introduced to the German users of this standard. The calculation model and its input data now need to be included into existing calculation software, such as the software SONarchitect ISO of the Spanish developers Sound of Numbers. For this cause this thesis compares the input parameter and the airborne and impact sound transmission of the DIN 4109:2016-07 and European standard EN 12354:2000. With the help of this comparison it now is possible to declare all necessary parameter and calculation procedures for the calculation of the airborne and impact sound insulation between dwellings.
The object of the thesis is the material and information flows in the production systems of enterprises, in particular, of LLC "Kolibri".
As a subject of thesis, the improvement of the management of material and related information flows of the company LLC "Kolibri" was chosen.
The purpose of the thesis is theoretical substantiation and development of practical recommendations for the effective management of the flows of material and information resources of the enterprise on the principles of logistics.
The Blockchain is a technology which has the capabilities to change the way, the world operates. As promising as this may be, there are still many challenges which do not exist or are way simpler to solve in conventional software solutions. Services which are offered over the blockchain suffer from so called Block-confirmation-times where the customer simply has to wait till the transaction is confirmed. In this paper possible solutions to that problem will be examined and challenges that arise from the specific criteria of the Ethereum Blockchain will be analyzed.
In the context of globalization and the internationalization of international markets, mergers and acquisitions are becoming increasingly important for transnational corporations and national economies of countries as a form of internationalization, integration and the way to attract foreign investment. In the framework of this paper, the theoretical aspects of mergers and acquisitions have been analyzed, and the experience of Germany, China and Russia in attracting investments through mergers and acquisitions has been examined, and the success of this method for each country has been assessed.
This bachelor thesis examines two main topics: Corporate Social Responsibility and Corporate Philanthropy as an integral part of it. It was written in order to prove the high importance of business philanthropy in today’s global market and to encourage companies to strengthen their CSR policy so as to contribute to the resolution of social problems. This paper reviews the theoretical framework of CSR, its evolution, types and theories relating to Corporate Philanthropy. Also it represents a comparative analysis of successful practices of corporate philanthropy in pharmaceutical and other global industries predominantly in Europe and USA. This work underlines competitive advantages and important socio-economic impact of CP and suggest recommendations for companies in developing their CSR activities. The subsequent paper is based on internet research using articles, presentations, reports and studies, websites and official legal documents.
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (aaRSs) are key enzymes in the process of protein biosynthesis, charging tRNA molecules with their corresponding amino acid. Whereas adenosine phosphate fixation is common to all aaRSs, recognition of the respective amino acid to ensure correct translation poses a complex task, which is still not understood to its full extent. Using all aaRS structures in the Protein Data Bank (PDB), this thesis reveals further details about the specificitydetermining interactions of each aaRS. Moreover, inspection of the similarities between these enzymes using the structure-derived interaction data reinforces the sequence-based evolutionary trace of aaRSs to a certain degree: The concurrent development of two distinct Classes of aaRS is apparent at functional level, and previously determined evolutionary subclasses coincide altogether with specific aminoacyl recognition in each aaRS Type. Still, discrimination of amino acids in aaRSs involves a multitude of further relevant mechanisms. Eventually, analysis of specificity-relevant binding site interactions sheds light on how aaRS evolved to distinguish different amino acids.
In this work, the task is to cluster microarray gene expression data of the cyanobacterium Nostoc PCC 7120 for detection of messenger RNA (mRNA) degradation patterns. Searched are characteristic patterns of degradation which are caused by specific enzymes (ribonucleases) allowing a further biological investigation regarding biochemical mechanisms. The mRNA degradation is part of the regulation of gene expression because it regulates the amount and longevity of mRNA, which is available for translation into proteins. A particular class of RNA degrading enzymes are exoribonucleases which degrade the molecule from its ends, whereby a degradation from the 5’ end, the 3’ end or from both ends is theoretically possible.
In this investigation, the information about exoribonucleolytic degradation is given in a microarray data set containing gene expression values of 1,251 genes. The data set provides gene expression vectors containing the expression values of up to ten short distinct sections of a gene ordered from the genes 5’ end to its 3’ end. For each gene, expression vectors are available for both nitrogen fixing and non-nitrogen fixing conditions, which have to be considered separately due to biological reasons. Accordingly, after filtering and preprocessing, two datasets for clustering are obtained consisting of 133 ten-dimensional expression vectors. The similarity of the expression vectors is judged by a newly correlation based similarity measure and compared with the results obtained by use of the Euclidean distance. A non-linear transformation of the correlations was applied to obtain a dissimilarity measure. By choice of parameters within this transformation a user specific differentiation between negative and positive correlated gene expression vectors and an adequate adjustment regarding the noise level of gene expression values is possible.
Clustering was performed using Affinity Propagation (AP). The number of clusters obtained by AP depends on the so-called self-similarity for the data vectors. This dependence was used to identify stable cluster solutions by self-similarity control. To evaluate the clustering results, Median Fuzzy c-Means (M-FCM) was used. Further, several cluster validity measures are applied and visual inspections by t-distributed Stochastic Neighbor Embedding (t-SNE) as well as cluster visualization are provided for mathematical interpretation analysis of clusters.
To validate the clustering results biologically, the found data structure is checked for biological adequacy. A deeper investigation into the mechanisms behind mRNA-degradation was achieved by use of a RNA-Seq data set. Contained 40 (base pair) bp long reads for non-nitrogen fixing and nitrogen fixing conditions were assembled using bacteria-specific ab-initio assembly of Rockhopper. Thus, mRNA (transcript)-sequences of the clustered genes are obtained. A further investigation of the untranslated regions (UTRs) is performed here due to the assumption that exoribonucleases recognize specific transcript-sequences outside of the annotated gene regions as their binding sites. These UTRs need to be analyzed regarding sequence similarity using motif-finding algorithms.
In this work, we discuss the key role that “conflict minerals” (Gold, Coltan, Cobalt, Tin, Tungsten) play in global supply chains and high-technology industries, and the issues surrounding their extraction and trade in origin
countries, particularly in the African Congo Basin and the Great Lakes Region. We discuss ongoing international efforts to combat violence, child labour and human rights violations at mineral extraction areas, particularly in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), where very large mineral reserves have been discovered. We present the OECD Due Diligence Guidance for Responsible Supply Chains of Minerals from Conflict-Affected and High-Risk Areas, and the
GOTS MineralTrace mineral proof-of-origin and trade chain certification solution developed by ibes AG in Germany, which automates and simplifies the implementation of the OECD Guidance. We discuss a pilot project in DRC involving the GOTS GoldTrace application, based on the MineralTrace platform. We point out MineralTrace’s benefits and its limitations. We analyse possible solutions to said limitations, including an analysis of blockchain-based transactional information exchange and record keeping systems, and finally we propose a new MineralTrace Application Programming Interface (API) that solves current limitations, introduces configuration flexibility for client applications, introduces workflow flexibility to adapt MineralTrace to any country or region, and simplifies data export functionality.